Rising Grounds

This master’s thesis explores how adaptive architectural strategies can help address recurring overspill flooding in the pre-urban areas of Sylhet, Bangladesh. These regions face growing challenges due to the combined effects of climate change and rapid, unplanned urban expansion. Based on in-depth fieldwork in Shonatola Village, the project identifies key vulnerabilities—including seasonal flooding, weak infrastructure, and rising land pressures—and proposes design solutions that support long-term resilience, affordability, and community self-reliance.

At the village level, the project introduces a phased development strategy that enables gradual transformation without displacing existing residents. A cross-subsidisation model ensures financial sustainability: higher-income households contribute more, helping to fund affordable housing for lower-income groups. Land security is managed through a Community Land Trust (CLT), which protects collective ownership and keeps housing affordable over time.

On the cluster scale, housing is arranged into three types tailored to different user groups: seasonal workers, low-income families, and mid-income households. These clusters are organised around shared courtyards and integrate existing ponds and drainage systems to manage water during floods. This layout promotes both social interaction and environmental resilience.

At the level of individual units, three modular housing types are designed using local materials and simple, low-tech construction methods. Features such as raised floors, flexible layouts, and bamboo wall panels help residents adapt their homes over time and stay safe during floods. Decentralised water systems—including rainwater harvesting, greywater treatment, and biogas production—further reduce reliance on external infrastructure and strengthen community.

The research combines literature review, case study analysis, fieldwork, and iterative design to develop a grounded and practical architectural response. By working across different scales and embedding local knowledge and participation into the process, Rising Grounds offers a replicable approach for flood-prone regions. The project demonstrates how architecture can move beyond short-term fixes to support lasting resilience and social equity in vulnerable communities.