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Mess is More

Iterating Dwelling Design Processes For The Urban Poor In New Delhi, India

Date
Keywords
urban informality, material innovation, community building
Images
Masterplan
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Text

The architectural discipline has always maintained a safe distance from the ‘informal’ settlements by positioning itself as objective outsiders. However, in the case of India’s capital city of Delhi with 73% of its population living in these settlements, the discipline has been forced to re-position itself. Forming outside the claims of regulation and planning, the sheer existence of these settlements challenges the city’s aspiration to become a ‘world city’. Resultant, is a love-hate dynamic where a high-modernist design propaganda seeks to evict the urban poor’s position in the city to a ‘safe’ distance where they are out of sight but in the appropriate range to aid the city function.

I base my study in ‘Anand Parbat’,a deplorable resettlement transit neighbourhood developed 4 miles from the city core to re-house slum dwellers evicted from inner city areas. Envisioned as a transition camp, it is home to more than 2000 families. The design of the ‘camp’, involved a process of ‘formalizing’ the informal and invited disciplinarian aid, which by the virtue of ‘always being outside the system’ was exceedingly limited in the understanding and translational of the emergent qualities of a user-generated informal dwelling. With rigid dwelling typologies, unregulated open/shared space structure and an incoherent application of ‘incrementality’, Anand Parbat is an architectural mess.

This thesis attempts an iteration to existing approaches by offering an alternative housing scheme. It learns from the contextual informality and rationalises the learnings for a disciplinarian application. It uses infrastructure as invisible layers as the backbone of the dwelling layout and reimagines domestic space for rendering progressive and high-spirited families. By the means of economics, proactive policies and careful design decisions it lays out an itertive and nuanced masterplan scheme that beneath its surface offers various spatial characteristics of an informal settlement from Delhi. The project peaks at building and surface material innovation where to make the dwellings cost effective a brick is modelled out of kitchen waste found commonly in Indian urban poor kitchens. A large variety of colors and sizes are innovated to give the settlement an aesthetical character. Various cost effective techniques are used to involve inhabitants into small-scale buidling processes. The project is rationalised for a widespread application in New Delhi, fully capable to absorb and embody contextual characters - geographic, cultural and economical. The project is also visualised for projective iterations and scenarios that would be cast by its inhabitants to highlight the performance of the design decisions in time.

Files
Masterplan
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Urgency: India has been struggling immensely with rapid urbanisation and population boom in the recent years and that is truly reflected in the built environment. The capital city houses about 76% of its population in sub-standard housing and the staggering number calls for urgent attention.
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Primer: The figure ground is used as a medium to express vision. The existing built mass seems non-native, almost imposed and that is countered with an anchoring cycle. The site connections are brought in from the neighbouring parcels and the edges are appropriately responded. These lines are then inversed to achieve a conceptual grain. This conceptual grain becomes the primer for the proposal
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
The part and the whole: The urban conditions are setout to orchestrate multiple processes and interactions so that the inhabitants feel inclusive and spirited post displacement. The edge conditions and the composition of the master-plan advocates an anchoring in the context, strong and irrevocable.
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Eclecticism: The unit design are approached as a sequence in spatial relationships. Historically, typological development of the houses are born from the agrarian roots to now changing economic scenarios. This results into a series of spatial gradients - the shop, the cattle type, the shared kitchens and plinths, which are observed and translated into the eclecticism of the proposal.
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
The Units: While drawing the units one actively reads the city and its inhabitants. This unfolding domestic space drawing represents the process of examination of minimum volumes required to accomodate everyday functions. At this scale, the same functions and programs are unfolded in 13sqm, 22sqm, 32sqm and 40sqm.
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
The Housing block: Anand Parbat is made of six dominant cluster types with slight modifications as per climate and site conditions. It is derived out of various anomalies and endless variations found in the informal sections of Delhi but here these clusters try and induce the same. The process of inhabitation over time and across scale, would allow for encapsulating its fundamental complexity. In a meaningful transition, this seemingly formalized proposal would grow informally.
© Deepanshu Arneja
The room and the axis: The domestic spaces have been left at the threshold of defined and non-defined. In this contemporary context of Anand Parbat where the programs are forever shifting within the architectural context, conditiong it, the domestic space emulates this spirit. It doesn’t dissolve domestic space but uses walls as definers and articulators so much so to render the plan with depth and premise.
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
The Interior for the most vulnerable
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Technical resolution
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Soap Bubble: The art of Balance
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
The Facade: Facade as a canvas
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
The house that grows with you, the house that grows on you: Flexibility and Appropriability
Drawing: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Ordinary Extraordinary: Performance in time
Image: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Synecdoche: Reading the new Anand Parbat
Image: © Deepanshu Arneja, MSc3/4 Explore Lab Graduation Studio
Documents
Deepanshu Arneja, [Part I] Mess is More: Iterating dwelling design processes for the urban poor of Delhi (Delft, 2018)
Deepanshu Arneja, [Part II] Mess is More: Iterating dwelling design processes for the urban poor of Delhi (Delft, 2018)